Novel scalable scientific algorithms are needed to enable key science applications and to exploit the computational power of largescale systems. This is especially true for the current tier of leading petascale machines and the road to exascale computing as HPC systems continue to scale up in compute node and processor core count. These extreme-scale systems require novel scientific algorithms to hide network and memory latency, have very high computation/communication overlap, have minimal communication, and no synchronization points. Authored by two of the leading experts in this area, this book focuses on the latest advances in scalable algorithms for large scale systems.