Olga Lengyel was a trained surgical assistant in Kolozsvr, Hungary, working in the hospital where her husband, Dr. Miklos Lengyel, was director. In the spring of 1944, she was deported with her husband, parents and children to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp; she was the only member of her family to survive. She wrote about her experiences in a memoir, Five Chimneys: The Story of Auschwitz, first published in France in 1946 as Souvenirs de l'au-del. (A later American paperback edition was entitled I Survived Hitler's Ovens; more recent editions have used the title Five Chimneys: A Woman Survivor's True Story of Auschwitz) These kinds of experiences made her a strong and independent woman. Her children died in the gas chamber. "I cannot acquit myself of the charge that I am, in part, responsible for the destruction of my own parents and of my two young sons. The world understands that I could not have known, but in my heart the terrible feeling persists that I could have, I might have, saved them." After the war, Lengyel emigrated to the United States where she founded the Memorial Library chartered by the University of the State of New York. She died in 2001 at the age of 93, after surviving three bouts of cancer.