Michael Armstrong is the UK's bestselling author of HRM books including Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. Based in London, UK, he is a former Chief Examiner of the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). Duncan Brown is an independent rewards adviser and researcher. He has more than 30 years' experience with employers including IES, Aon Hewitt, PwC and Willis Towers Watson. He also spent five years as Assistant Director General and head of research and policy at the CIPD.